Glossary
Secure Multi-Party Computation
Secure multi-party computation lets several parties jointly compute a result from their combined private inputs without any party ever seeing another's raw data — each contributes their input, the computation runs across all of them cryptographically, and only the final output is revealed, with no single party's underlying data exposed to any of the others at any point.
This changes the authorization question that matters: instead of asking who may access the raw input data, the meaningful question becomes who may access the computed result, since the raw inputs are structurally never exposed to any party, including whoever ultimately receives the output. That's a genuinely different shape of access-control problem than protecting data that some party does hold in the clear.